Mary, Mother of Jesus · Updated August 15, 2026
Our Lady of Fatima refers to a series of Marian apparitions reported by three young shepherd children in Cova da Iria, Ftima, Portugal, from May 13 to October 13, 1917. The visionaries were Lcia Santos, aged 10, and her cousins Jacinta Marto, aged 7, and Francisco Marto, aged 9. During this period, the children reported six appearances of a lady who eventually identified herself as 'Our Lady of the Rosary.'
On May 13, 1917, Lcia Santos and her cousins reported seeing a lady 'brighter than the sun' who appeared to them at Cova da Iria. The lady reportedly appeared to them monthly, delivering messages and showing them visions. These included a vision of hell and prophetic messages concerning the future. The final encounter occurred on October 13, 1917, when the lady revealed her identity as 'Our Lady of The Rosary.' On the day of the final apparition, witnesses described what became known as the Miracle of the Sun, which was observed by tens of thousands of people.
The messages conveyed by the lady emphasized prayer, specifically The Rosary, and penance. She also requested the consecration of Russia to her Immaculate Heart and the establishment of the Five First Saturdays devotion. The children were entrusted with three secrets: a vision of Hell, a prophecy regarding World War II and the spread of Russia's errors, and a vision of a 'bishop in white' being shot, later associated with the assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II in 1981. The Third Secret remained undisclosed until 2000, fueling much speculation over the years.
The Church's investigation into the Fatima apparitions was led by Bishop Jos Alves Correia da Silva of Leiria. The process involved a detailed examination of the children's testimonies, the reported miracles, and the content of the messages. After a rigorous evaluation, the Church officially approved the apparitions on October 13, 1930, declaring them worthy of belief. This approval means that while Catholics are not required to accept the apparitions as part of their faith, they are considered credible and consistent with Catholic doctrine.
The Miracle of the Sun is the most documented extraordinary phenomenon related to the Fatima apparitions. Approximately 70,000 people, including skeptics and secular journalists, reported witnessing the sun moving erratically, changing colors, and appearing to 'dance' in the sky. Although no scientific explanation has been widely accepted, the event's consistent testimonies lend it credibility. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fatima attracts around 6 million pilgrims annually.
Our Lady of Fátima's apparition raises theological tensions concerning the interpretation and significance of its three secrets, particularly the Third Secret. Withheld by the Vatican until 2000, this secret continues to provoke debate about transparency within the Church. A central issue is the prophetic nature of the secrets and the Church's authority in handling such revelations. Questions persist about whether the full content of the Third Secret has been disclosed. Some argue that what was released is incomplete. The Church must balance safeguarding doctrinal integrity with addressing the faithful's desire for transparency in private revelations.
In Catholic theology, private revelation refers to supernatural communications that individuals claim to receive outside the public revelation found in Scripture and Tradition. Such revelations, including Fátima, do not form part of the deposit of faith, meaning Catholics are not required to believe them. Church approval of a private revelation indicates that its content is not contrary to faith or morals, allowing for public devotion and acceptance of the messages as spiritually beneficial. The Fátima apparitions illustrate this doctrine, showing how the Church can endorse certain private revelations while leaving the decision to believe them to individual Catholics.
The ongoing debate about the Third Secret of Fátima is not solely about the content but also the Vatican's decision-making process regarding its disclosure. Some members of the faithful argue that the Vatican's delay in releasing the secret until 2000 suggests an incomplete or edited version was shared. Others defend the Church's actions as prudent, aiming to prevent misinterpretation or sensationalism. This controversy involves the tension between ecclesiastical authority and the laity's desire for transparency. As of now, the official position of the Vatican is that the full Third Secret has been revealed, but skepticism remains among some groups who continue to call for further disclosure.
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